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The ''Vlaams Nationaal Verbond'' (VNV; Dutch for "Flemish National Union" or "Flemish National League") was a nationalist Flemish political party in Belgium, active between 1933 and 1944. It was founded by Staf de Clercq who became known as ''den Leider'' ("the Leader"). The party strove for an authoritarian rule and included some fascist elements, but was not a genuinely fascist organisation ''per se''. Its aim was to separate Flanders from Belgium and to unite it with the Netherlands to form a Greater Netherlands which they termed ''Dietsland'' ("Dutch land"). It collaborated with Nazi German occupation authorities during World War II. VNV activists willingly contributed to the persecution of Jews and the Holocaust in Belgium. ==Creation== The party was founded on October 8, 1933. It initially grew out of the long-established Frontpartij, a moderate exponent of the Flemish Movement that de Clerq had taken control of and moved to the right in 1932.〔Ishiyama, John T.; Brening, Marijke (1998); p. 1123〕 The VNV, as the Frontpartij became known the following year, was tied to the idea of uniting the many Flemish parties in post-1920s Belgium into a single movement, an objective finally attained with the party's creation, and it moved on to advocate the creation of a pan-Dutch state, called ''Dietsland'', to include both Flanders and the Netherlands. It opposed both communism and liberalism. Its slogan was: ''Authority, discipline and ''Dietsland. It shared many ideological elements with the ''Verdinaso'' ("Union of Pan-Dutch National Solidarists"), which had been founded two years earlier, but was slightly less radical. Unlike Verdinaso, the VNV took part in elections and also included a relatively moderate wing.〔 Initially, it also differed from Verdinaso in not being an anti-Semitic movement, but increasingly embraced anti-Semitic elements after 1935, rather out of political calculation than of ideological conviction. In the 1936 Belgian general election they won 13.6% of the Flemish votes, corresponding to 7.1% nationwide. After the election, in which the right-wing pro-Belgian Catholic Rexist Party had performed very strongly (particularly in Wallonia), the two parties concluded an accord, intending to create a corporatist Belgian state with strong autonomy rights for the Flemish part. The VNV recalled this alliance after just one year. In 1939, the VNV moderately increased its share of votes to 15% of the Flemish votes (8.4% in the whole of Belgium). Despite cooperating with the Flemish section of the mainstream Catholic Party on the local level, de Clercq realised that his movement would not be able to take power and realise the separation from Belgium by democratic means. Instead, he initiated contacts with Nazi Germany, hoping that his project could be realised with German help during the upcoming war. He contacted the ''Abwehr'', Germany's military intelligence service, informing them that a part of the Belgian military supported his movement and could be controlled by him in case of Germany declaring war. The Belgian state security gained knowledge of these contacts and arrested some VNV supporters.〔 The party controlled the Frontist newspaper De Schelde (named after the Scheldt river). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vlaams Nationaal Verbond」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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